3) Capillary filler, Parker 1956 back
 

This pen does fill itself without any part to be moved. The penīs reservoir is filled with rolls of a special plastic foil. When put into ink, the capillary forces fill the space between the sheets. Using the same principle, when writing, the ink is drwan out of the reservoir again. The problem with this filling system: a low ink capacity and a high tendency to dry out.